affirmation

Affirmation, from Latin affirmatio, is the action and effect of asserting or asserting. It is common for the term to be used in reference to act that allows a person express your assent to a statement or a cause. For example: "With a gesture of affirmation, the interviewee acknowledged that he knew the suspect", "The statement of the woman surprised the neighbors", "I cannot agree with such a statement".

The statement reflects an assent regarding a belief that is considered valid by evidence or certainties. It is possible to consider, in any case, different degrees or types of affirmation according to the conscience on the veracity of the affirmed. In this sense, statements can be opinions, decisions, sentences, etc.

A Police interrogation that is developed in search of the answers of a suspect to solve a murder case can lead to affirmations and denials. If the person questioned is asked if he was at the crime scene and he assures that he was not, he will have denial of the imputation. On the other hand, if he is asked whether it is true that he works as a mechanic in a workshop and the person answers yes, he will have given his affirmation to that question.

Affirmations can be associated, in a way, with everything said by a person. After all, what you put in words it is an extension of what the subject thinks. Expressions like "In my opinion, the opposition candidate should resign his candidacy", "Chicken with garlic is my favorite food" Y "I left my house at eight in the morning and I was only able to get on the train at a quarter to eleven" they are statements made by an individual.

But the nature of a claim is not always the basisSince, for various cultural reasons, human beings are used to repeating data that we have acquired passively, without analyzing its veracity, without contrasting its sources. One of the fields in which this lack of theoretical support occurs most is health: we are all capable of describing the characteristics of a cold, from the reasons why it appears to its evolution and the methods of combating it, but almost no one has technical knowledge or studies with which you can defend said information.

This does not mean that a large percentage of people lie daily, but that the meaning of the word affirmation is broad, and that it depends on the context in which it is used. In addition, affirming something false believing that it is true cannot be classified as a lie but, in any case, as negligence.

Logical equivalences

It is known by the name of equivalence logic to a resemblance to the truth that exists between two or more expressions, as long as any of them is valid In other words, to verify a given case, one statement or another from the group can be taken without affecting the final result. The most used method to demonstrate equivalences is that of the truth table.

As easy as it may seem to analyze the veracity of a statement in everyday life, logic goes beyond the simple verification that we can carry out on a day-to-day basis, and breaks down each expression In parts, he studies the way they are related and treats them as if they were mathematical equations, so that a proof of equivalences yields results that are impossible to disprove.

In the declarative algebra, also called propositional, the expressions logical they are manipulated through variables and constants to represent the truth values, and there are various schemes that serve to solve the equivalences, as if they were mathematical properties that help solve unknowns in an equation.