Arithmetic

Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics that studies numbers and the basic operations that can be performed between them. These include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Arithmetic is, then, the discipline that focuses on the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division that can be done between existing numbers. Thus, it is the most basic area of ​​mathematics.

Arithmetic was developed over time to expand its field of study with other operations such as potentiation or the square root. Likewise, it began to operate not only with whole numbers, but also with those that have decimals, negative numbers and, in general, natural numbers.

It should be noted that the concept "arithmetic" is sometimes used as an adjective. In this sense, giving rise to concepts such as "arithmetic mean". Which is the result of adding a series of data and dividing by the number of data.

Also, an arithmetic progression is a series of data in which the difference between the first and the second is the same as that between the second and the third, and so on, between all contiguous data.

Types of arithmetic operations

Arithmetic operations can be classified into two types:

• Direct math operations: Being able to distinguish these based on the following categories:
  • Sum: It is the sum of two, or more, numbers, and can be represented in the following way: x + y + z,
  • Multiplication: The product of two or more numbers is calculated. They can also be understood, when there are only two figures, as the sum of a number a certain number of times. It is represented as follows: A x B. So if we have 4 × 3, it is as if we added the number 3 4 times or the number 4 3 times.
  • Empowerment: It is the operation by which a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times (n) indicated in the superscript. It is represented as follows: xⁿ. If we have 5^two means that I must multiply the 5 by itself: 5 × 5 = 25.

• Indirect mathematical operations: They are the opposite of direct operations, being able to distinguish these based on the following categories:
  • Subtraction: It is the subtraction of a number with respect to another or others. It is the opposite of addition. It is represented as follows: XY.
  • Division: It is the opposite of multiplication. It is that mathematical operation by which we try to decompose a number, which we will call a dividend, into as many parts as another number indicates, which we will call a divisor. It is represented as follows: X / Y. Therefore, if I divide 12/3, the result is 4. It is because if I add the number 3 four times, the result is 12.
  • Filing: It is the inverse of empowerment. The square root of 36, for example, is 6, because 36 is the result of multiplying 6 × 6. Likewise, the cube root of 8 is 2 because 8 is the result of multiplying 2x2x2.
  • Logarithm: It is the operation by which the exponent to which a number was raised to obtain another is found. Thus, log_xA = n means that A = xⁿ. Therefore, log₃81 = 4, since 3⁴= 81.