{"id":6325,"date":"2022-02-12T01:49:12","date_gmt":"2022-02-12T01:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/science\/what-are-killer-lakes-myth-or-reality\/"},"modified":"2022-02-12T01:49:12","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T01:49:12","slug":"what-are-killer-lakes-myth-or-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/science\/what-are-killer-lakes-myth-or-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"What are killer lakes?  Myth or Reality?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\">\n<p>The Earth, our planet and home in the Universe, is a refuge in the midst of the immensity of the void.  A place where, after billions of years, the conditions have been met to separate us from the harshness of the Cosmos, thus allowing life to proliferate, expand and evolve.  The Earth is an oasis in the Universe.  And although our home provides us with all the necessary conditions for us to live in it, there are times when it becomes our worst enemy.<\/p>\n<p>There are many climatological or geological phenomena that represent a danger to life.  Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes... All these events are proof that <strong>the Earth can become, in the blink of an eye, a threat to life<\/strong>.  But beyond this, these phenomena are well known to science.  We understand their origin and they have been documented and detailed for centuries.<\/p>\n<p>But as much as we believe that we have unveiled all the mysteries of our planet, the Earth continues to keep many secrets in its bowels.  Some time ago we talked about monster waves.  Some vertical walls of water that could reach 30 meters high and that rose suddenly even in calm seas, sweeping away any boat.  Considered for centuries as a legend, it was not until 1995, with the event of the Draupner station, which recorded one of these giant waves, that we stopped seeing these monster waves as myths of sailors and began to accept their existence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>But even something as terrifying as this dwarfs next to what is surely the most terrifying mystery in Geology.<\/strong>.  A phenomenon that science was completely unaware of until the 1980s when what is considered the most terrifying geological event in history took place.  1,800 people in a Cameroonian town were found dead without any explanation.<\/p>\n<p>The cause of death, suffocation.  And all the clues led to the same destination.  The lake near the town.  Something in him had killed those people.  At that time, the world met those who were baptized as killer lakes.  The concept was born and a race to understand the nature of this tragedy began.  A race that was going to give us more questions than answers and the answers it would give us would be halfway between science and legend.  Let's dive into the secrets of the killer lakes.<\/p>\n<h2>The Lake Nyos tragedy in 1986<\/h2>\n<p>Upper Nyos.  Cameroon.  August 21, 1986. Lake Nyos, a lake in northwestern Cameroon originating from the flooding of a volcanic crater, was, as usual, calm, with the moon reflecting off its blue waters and illuminating the surrounding valley. .  Ephriam Che, a young Cameroonian farmer, while resting in his house built on a cliff above the lake, heard a loud crash.<\/p>\n<p><strong>He thought it was a landslide and, worried about the houses located in the lower areas of the valley, he went out to see what had happened.<\/strong>.  But she didn't see anything.  Nothing except a strange whitish mist that levitated above the surface of the lake.  Without giving it much importance and attributing the noise to the fact that a strong storm was coming, she sent her four children to take shelter in the house.  It was 9 pm.  And Ephriam, already in her bed, began to feel dizzy and unwell.  But nothing to stop him from falling asleep.<\/p>\n<p>Ephriam woke up at dawn.  The feeling of dizziness continued, but like every day, she prepared to go down the cliff towards the town.  With the first light of dawn, she saw that the crystal clear blue waters of the lake had taken on a strange reddish hue that she did not remember ever seeing.  Something inside him told him something was up.<\/p>\n<p>And then, the purest silence.  An eerie silence she had never felt before.  People were not listened to.  No birds were heard.  There was no buzzing of mosquitoes.  Any. <strong>At that moment, terror invaded his body and he ran towards the village.  Only to discover the horror<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Dozens of inert bodies, men, women, children and the elderly, collapsed and scattered on the ground.  Ephriam tried to revive those she was with.  But she couldn't.  They were all dead.  All 30 inhabitants of Upper Nyos had perished.  And on the outskirts of town, 400 cows also dead.  Ephriam, even before that macabre scene and seeing those who were her dead friends on the ground, realized something that ended up freezing her blood.  There weren't even flies on the corpses.  The flies had also died.<\/p>\n<p>In a panic, he ran to the town of Lower Nyos, located further down the hill, where more than a thousand people lived, including his parents, siblings, uncles and aunts, to tell what had happened.  But when she got there, she discovered what he himself, some time later, defined as the end of the world.  More than a thousand corpses scattered on the ground.  Not a single drop of blood or the slightest hint of violence.  The whole town had simply collapsed. <strong>Ephriam had been the sole survivor of the Lake Nyos tragedy<\/strong>.  A tragedy that, obviously, set off alarms around the world.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27820%27%20height=%27615%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"lake-nyos-disaster\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"lake-nyos-disaster\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7144%2Flago-nyos-desastre.jpg&amp;w=1024&amp;q=75 1x, \/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7144%2Flago-nyos-desastre.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 2x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The awakening of the murderous lakes: without clues to the crime<\/h2>\n<p>Immediately after this event was reported, the Cameroonian authorities and the international community were thrown into utter chaos.  Brigades arrived with investigation teams to inspect what had happened.  But when you get there and see the scene, any Dantesque horror story would become a children's story.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The final count of victims was between 1,834 people<\/strong>.  Virtually everyone who lived within a 14-mile radius of the lake had perished.  All of them were found in the places where they used to be at 9 at night, just the time that Ephriam said he heard the mysterious noise.<\/p>\n<p>But if this was not enough, they also discovered 3,500 dead cows and what is surely worse: although many people seemed to have collapsed, many others had signs of having committed suicide.  The reconstruction of the scene estimated that many inhabitants, seeing their relatives and friends dying without explanation, could not bear such a level of pain and took their own lives.<\/p>\n<p>But beyond these figures, the Cameroonian investigation teams returned to the capital without any response. <strong>There was no explanation for those deaths<\/strong>.  Not even one.  And the experts, when they returned, had to say, at a press conference, that what had happened in Lake Nyos was the strangest catastrophe that humanity had witnessed in recent centuries.<\/p>\n<p>This made the tragedy become a media phenomenon.  It did not take long, then, for the rumor mill to appear and for all kinds of theories to emerge.  From chemical or bacteriological weapons tests by the Army of Cameroon to conspiracies perpetrated by the US government, passing through local myths that spoke of spirits that slept under the waters of the lake and that, due to an offense, woke up in anger that August night to exterminate to the population.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, <strong>someone thought that what just happened in Lake Nyos had a historical background<\/strong>.  Yes, it was the greatest tragedy, but it was not the first time that the world witnessed something like this.  And we didn't have to go very far either in time or in space.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%271200%27%20height=%27675%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"tragedy-lakes-killers\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"tragedy-lakes-killers\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7145%2Ftragedia-lagos-asesinos.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 1x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Monoun, Sigurdsson and the silenced truth<\/h2>\n<p>August 15, 1984. Lake Monoun.  90 km south of Lake Nyos. <strong>Just two years before the Lake Nyos tragedy, something very similar had happened at Lake Monoun.<\/strong>, another Cameroonian lake also located on a volcanic crater.  In this case, 36 people were found dead without any signs of violence in the vicinity of the lake, both those who were driving on the nearby road and those who lived in the surrounding farms, in conditions very similar to those that we would later see in Nyos.<\/p>\n<p>But on that occasion, the officials, unlike the 1986 tragedy, did notice the geological nature of the area.  Monoun was a volcanic lake.  Perhaps the volcano had awakened.  But since no ash clouds, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, or any other evidence of an eruption were observed, hardly anyone supported this theory.<\/p>\n<p>Hardly anyone except the experts at the US embassy in Yaound\u00e9, the capital of Cameroon, who <strong>they invited Haraldur Sigurdsson, a renowned Icelandic volcanologist, to travel to Lake Monoun to investigate what happened<\/strong>. If anyone could link the mysterious event to the lake's volcanic activity, it was Sigurdsson.<\/p>\n<p>The volcanologist was conducting field studies on the ground and in the lake for endless days.  And he found nothing.  There was absolutely no indication that the tragedy was associated with volcanology.  But when he was already collecting his equipment, seeing how all the effort had been for nothing, something strange happened that was going to change the course of this story.<\/p>\n<p>The stopper of a bottle filled with lake water that he had forgotten about during the sampling came out like when you open a bottle of champagne.  And there was only one explanation to this: <strong>the lake water must have been loaded with carbon dioxide at totally unusual levels<\/strong>.  In a totally accidental and casual way, Sigurdsson had found what was surely the murder weapon.<\/p>\n<p>And it is that Sigurdsson concluded that the deaths in Lake Monoun could have been due to suffocation by carbon dioxide.  A gas that represents just 0.035% of the air we breathe.  But being denser than air as a whole, when it is in high concentrations it displaces oxygen and other gases.<\/p>\n<p>At concentrations of 5% carbon dioxide, candles can be extinguished by this physical displacement of oxygen.  At concentrations of 10%, it can cause nausea and hyperventilation. <strong>And at concentrations of 30%, a person collapses due to lack of oxygen and dies of suffocation in a few minutes.<\/strong>.  Sigurdsson believed that the explanation for the tragedy is that a cloud of carbon dioxide had emanated from the lake, displacing oxygen from the entire nearby area.<\/p>\n<p>He conjectured that, due to the volcanic nature of the lake, from its deep magmatic chamber and through fissures in the crust, a percolation of gases, especially CO2, could have occurred to the deepest parts of the lake.  There the carbon dioxide would have been accumulating, generating a gigantic bomb of carbon dioxide dissolved in water that, suddenly, could have released a cloud of gas to the outside, deadly for any living being.<\/p>\n<p>Trusting that his theory would be known to the world and studied by other experts, Sigurdsson wrote his conclusions in 1986 and sent them to the journal <em>Science<\/em>claiming to have discovered a risk unknown to date and that it could cause thousands of deaths in the world. <strong>But the magazine's directors refused to publish his work, calling it alarmist and far-fetched.<\/strong>.  Thus, unfairly, Sigurdsson's theory would fall into oblivion.  And since the news of Lake Monoun never made it into the media, practically no one was interested in what the volcanologist had to tell the world.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%271200%27%20height=%271368%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"haraldur-sigurdsson\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"haraldur-sigurdsson\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7146%2Fharaldur-sigurdsson.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 1x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n            <span class=\"figure-description\">Haraldur Sigurdsson.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>A media assassination: science reaches Nyos<\/h2>\n<p>But when just a few months later the tragedy of Lake Nyos happened, where those 1,800 people died, everything changed.  The facts of the event spread throughout the world.  And in this context, <strong>Sigurdsson was finally able to publish his work and make his discovery known to the international scientific community.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>There were 474 volcanic lakes in the world.  And from what Sigurdsson had discovered, a deadly cloud of carbon dioxide could suddenly and without warning emerge from any one of them, causing death by suffocation to anything living within miles.  All the alarms in all the cabinets in the world went off.  It was necessary to understand exactly what had happened in Monoun and Nyos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In just a few days, a team of renowned volcanologists and limnologists from around the world gathered to travel to Lake Nyos<\/strong>.  Those scientists, under pressure from their own governments that responded to the aid of the Cameroonian authorities, went to ground zero, not knowing exactly what had happened or if it could happen again and having to see thousands of decomposing animal corpses and the graves where the Cameroon army had buried the bodies of those who died in the tragedy.<\/p>\n<p>And as soon as they began to enter its waters, the more they realized that what Sigurdsson had predicted had a good chance of being real.  There were no signs of an underwater volcanic eruption.  Everything was calm.  A calm that offset the horror that still awaited around the lake.<\/p>\n<p>But no murder is perfect. <strong>And after weeks of investigation, scientists deployed to ground zero were able to reconstruct the crime scene.<\/strong>.  And what they discovered made us not only rewrite everything we thought we knew about the geological nature of volcanic lakes, but also terrify us for what nature may have in store for us.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%272048%27%20height=%271361%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"scientists-lake\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"scientists-lake\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7147%2Fcientificos-lago.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 1x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Limnic eruptions: what are they and how do they occur?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Lake Nyos had been formed after the flooding of the crater of an ancient volcano that was active about 30 million years ago.<\/strong>.  The accumulation of ash caused an unusually deep volcanic edifice to develop, 226 meters at its deepest point.  After the flood, the resulting lake, because of its enormous depth and narrow geometric shape, had an extraordinarily high hydrostatic pressure.<\/p>\n<p>We are talking about a pressure 23 times higher than atmospheric pressure, enough to keep the volcanic gases that were either generated in the volcanic eruptions when the volcano was active or that had been transported from the magmatic chamber through fissures in the earth's crust, through percolation, that is, the slow passage of gas through a porous solid, which Sigurdsson had predicted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thus, enormous amounts of carbon dioxide could have accumulated in the depths of the lake.<\/strong>.  And being located in a tropical latitude, unlike other regions further north or south where the lakes are homogeneous, mixing of dissolved gases could not occur.  Thus, a layered stratification had developed that would have remained stable and unchanging for centuries or even thousands of years.<\/p>\n<p>But all it takes is a small spark to start a fire.  Something had to happen in the lake for the carbon dioxide, trapped in the depths, to rise to the surface.  The theory that a rockfall was what was behind it is the most accepted, since it would explain the reason for that noise that Ephriam heard that fateful night.  But to this day, the exact cause remains unknown.<\/p>\n<p>Even so, whatever happened, whether it was a landslide, a small earthquake, a sudden drop in the temperature of the lake water, a strong wind or simply an oversaturation due to continuous injection of CO2, what triggered the tragedy was a destabilization of the lake, which caused a flipping of the layers and a sudden rise of water saturated with carbon dioxide from deeper regions to areas closer to the surface.<\/p>\n<p>This caused the carbon dioxide, due to the change in pressure, to boil, that is, it went from being dissolved in the water to being in the gas phase. <strong>The bubbles began to converge into a single gigantic bubble that emerged from the depths of the lake at a speed of 71 meters per second.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This would have caused the release of a cloud of carbon dioxide and other volcanic gases with a volume of 1.2 cubic kilometers, which would be equivalent to ten football fields.  The deadly cloud, which reached a height of 250 meters, descended through the valley at 70 km\/h, physically separating the oxygen and burying the villages under an invisible layer of toxic air that poisoned and killed practically all of the population in a matter of minutes. the human and animal population.<\/p>\n<p>Everything fit.  That's why Ephriam, with a higher house on the cliff, had been saved from the cloud, which by density was at ground level.  That's why she heard the noise.  And so she saw that whitish mist on the surface of the lake. <strong>We had solved the crime.  But the fear had not gone away.  quite the opposite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%271200%27%20height=%27825%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"limnic-eruption\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"limnic-eruption\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7148%2Ferupcion-limnica.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 1x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The degassing project and the future of killer lakes<\/h2>\n<p>The year was 1987. A year after the tragedy of Lake Nyos and after discovering the, until then unknown geological process that emerged from the depths of the lake, the French volcanologist Jean-Christophe Sabroux, at the UNESCO Conference held in Yaound\u00e9, he made the results public and baptized the term \u201climnic eruption\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>A concept that, in contrast to the underwater volcanic eruptions that we knew, <strong>appeals to the process through which the toxic gas accumulated in the depths of a volcanic lake can emerge in the form of a lethal cloud<\/strong>.  This conference launched projects to degas Lake Monoun and Lake Nyos, but in the first instance, they were all small-scale and developed by technologically limited Cameroonian institutions.<\/p>\n<p>Even so, in 2001, larger-scale projects financed by American, Japanese and French institutions began, with engineering constructions that made it possible to start degassing large quantities of the gases stored in the depths of these lakes so that a tragedy like the one in 1986.<\/p>\n<p>After a few years of intense degassing, in 2011 Lake Monoun was considered definitively degassed.  And in the case of Lake Nyos, although its sources are not expected to run out for several years, the height of the extraction geysers is less than 2 meters, a figure that has nothing to do with the 50 meters that they had at the beginning of the extraction.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This project is one of the largest examples of international scientific collaboration<\/strong>showing how, over three decades, many countries have joined forces with Cameroon to tackle and unravel the mysteries of a geological event that, while largely resolved, still hides many terrifying unknowns.<\/p>\n<p>And it is that since then and until today, only two such catastrophes have been documented.  Monoun's and Nyos's.  But let us not forget that there are 474 volcanic lakes in the world, some of them, such as Lake Kivu, one of the great lakes in Africa, with a quantity of carbon dioxide stored in its depths a thousand times greater than that of Lake Nyos and Monoun together.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We still don't understand exactly all the conditions that must be met for such an eruption to occur.<\/strong>.  But what is clear is that in many parts of the world there are limnic bombs that could detonate at any moment.  The killer lakes show us that the world still holds many secrets, that there are times when our peaceful home in the Universe decides to become a place where the dark reality surpasses the most daunting fiction and that the depths of the sea and the lakes they will never stop surprising us, but also terrifying us.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><picture>\n    <span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%\"><span style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%272816%27%20height=%272112%27\/%3e\"\/><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"degassing-lake\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"degassing-lake\" src=\"https:\/\/medicoplus.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplustatic.com%2F7149%2Fdesgasificacion-lago.jpg&amp;w=1280&amp;q=75 1x\" decoding=\"async\" data-nimg=\"intrinsic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/noscript><\/span><\/p>\n<\/picture><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;6325&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;What are killer lakes?  Myth or Reality?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Earth, our planet and home in the Universe, is a refuge&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}