{"id":445,"date":"2021-04-27T04:34:49","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T04:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/definition\/anthropology\/"},"modified":"2021-04-27T04:34:49","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T04:34:49","slug":"anthropology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enorcerna.com\/wiki\/definition\/anthropology\/","title":{"rendered":"anthropology"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The science<\/strong> which is responsible for studying the reality of the human being through a holistic approach (in which the whole determines the behavior of the parts) is called anthropology<\/strong>. The term originates from the Greek language and comes from anthropos<\/em> (\"man\"<\/strong> or \"human\"<\/strong>) Y logos<\/em> (\"knowledge\"<\/strong>). <\/p>\n

\"Anthropology\"This science analyzes the man<\/strong> in the cultural and social context of which it is a part. Thus he analyzes the origin of the human being, its development as a social species and the changes in its behaviors as time passes.<\/p>\n

People say that Georges-Louis Leclerc<\/strong>, on 1749<\/strong>, was the first scholar to postulate anthropology as an independent discipline. Its development was based on two positions: the study of the various physical characteristics of the human being and the descriptive comparison of the different peoples.<\/p>\n

However, there are many other anthropologists who throughout history have left their indelible mark on this discipline that we are now dealing with. This would be the case, for example, of Herbert Spencer. He was a very respectable figure within the scientific field who presented his theories based on concepts such as natural laws, the adaptation of being to the environment or the transmission of certain factors from generation to generation.<\/p>\n

Likewise, the figure of Lewis Henry Morgan, who is considered one of the true fathers of Modern Anthropology, cannot be overlooked. In his case, he stood out because he exposed advances and theories in the matter of kinship relations that for him were fundamental to get a group to strengthen ties and that the individuals that make it up felt a vital part of it.<\/p>\n

To these two characters of great historical, anthropological and philosophical significance, we should add, among many others, the name of Marvin Harris. This one, of North American origin, is known worldwide for being the linchpin of cultural materialism. A theory or current is fundamentally based on material issues to determine the differences or similarities of a sociocultural nature that exist between various groups.<\/p>\n

WHR Rivers, Edith Turner, Clifford Geertz, Sherry Ortner or Ulf Hannerz are other of the many anthropologists who during history have played a fundamental role in the study of the human being, their individual characteristics and their social relationships.<\/p>\n

At the end of the Second World War<\/strong>, most of the most powerful countries in the world had already managed to develop a professional-level anthropology that allowed them to reinforce the identity<\/strong> as a nation.<\/p>\n

Today, anthropology can be divided into four main subdisciplines: social anthropology<\/strong> (also known as cultural anthropology<\/strong> or ethnology<\/strong>), which studies cultural characteristics, behaviors and the structuring of social ties), the biological anthropology<\/strong> (or physical anthropology<\/strong>), which analyzes the changes in the human body over the course of history; the linguistic anthropology<\/strong> (or anthropological linguistics<\/strong>), who specializes in the study of the languages \u200b\u200bof man); and the archeology<\/strong>, dedicated to tracking and interpreting the ways of life of those already extinct communities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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